Geobiology.
Submitted by Gonzonet via Google Reader: Geobiology. through Integrative Medicine Gabriel Camacho 23/11/11
“Stick a mobile skull, or sleep with electromagnetic radiation is so unhygienic as eating with dirty hands” . Mariano Bueno .
Mariano Bueno is an eminence and a great promoter of agriculture, ecology, bio, geobiology and electromagnetic pollution. It is also the founder of the GEA geobiological Studies Association. He has written numerous books on these topics, being one of them “The great book of healthy home,” “The family garden green” or “healthy house”.
This interview in La Vanguardia on 30/1/2009 is a good introduction to the geobiology and how terrestrial radiation and electromagnetic and chemical pollution affecting human health. Our house and our bedroom are more important than we think and Mariano Bueno explains:
I have 50 years. I was born and live in Benicarló. I’m an expert in geobiology, organic agriculture and biohabitabilidad. I live in partner and I have a 11 year old son. Policy ¿? The welfare of the people. God? We are part of the universal light, every day I feel more spiritual and less religious.
What makes an expert in geobiology?
Study the influence of terrestrial radiation on living tissue on human health.
What terrestrial radiation is concerned?
At from underground water veins, faults, cracks, granitic basement, geomagnetic fields … And the artificial: pipes, power lines …
Does all this affect my body?
Of course! And more intensely in children and hypersensitive.
What kind of influence it?
Of ionizations, altered natural bioelectromagnetics of our cells.
Bioelectromagnetics ¿?
The cells exchange electrical charges. The flow of electrons causes your body to have magnetism. Like the planet Earth, a large electromagnet. With its two poles, north and south. The Earth’s magnetism affects us, especially in the hours of sleep. Attentive: sleeping with your body aligned with the Earth’s magnetism for rest. Head facing north, feet to the south, is the orientation most relaxing, rest better!
What if I sleep in other directions?
Sleeping with the head towards the east favors an awakening revitalized.
So head south?
Wake up tense, nervous.
And to the west?
Weak, devitalized, depressed. The healthy thing: placing the head between the north and east.
Do you have a scientific rationale?
Cells are like tiny compasses and repolarize and repair: facilitating the process enhances your health. Your bedroom is the real camera in your health! Do not disturb.
What is most disturbing?
Lights â € “the darkness activates melatonin, a hormone activating cellular repair! – High temperature, noise … and electromagnetic fields (natural or artificial) inhibit the production of melatonin.
What fields are natural?
Groundwater flows, water molecules in motion, friction with the ground, generating an electromagnetic field. Sleep on that point geopathogenic disturbs your cell regeneration.
To what end?
So sick. Any intense electromagnetic radiation inhibits the pineal gland secretes melatonin and stop! And that eight hours a night, night after night, prevents cells from properly repaired, suffer from headaches, joint pains, organ dysfunction, immune system depression … In the long term, this can lead to neurodegenerative diseases, leukemia, tumors …
Tell me what points are geopathogenic!
Those that land overlaps a failure, a vein of water and a line Hartmann (electromagnetic currents that run through the earth’s surface in grid).
How to detect those points?
Dowsers did with hazel rods or pendulums. Today we have electronic sensors that capture the radiation fluxes. And there are strong shocks that are very obvious, artificial: avoid them!
What?
Pylons, transformers, electrical wiring, appliances connected to the grid, high-frequency radiation from mobile telephony, wireless … Avoid it in your nights or sickness!
I have an electric alarm clock
Replace it with a battery, or aléjalo of your body. The electrical cables, as far as possible in your head.
I have a TV at the foot of the bed
If a flat screen, radiates little. In contrast, a cathode ray tube televisions emit radiation up to four feet! Above all back, and through walls. Once detected the discomfort of a person coming from the rear of his neighbor’s TV …
What do I do with my mobile phone?
Outside the bedroom, of course! Its microwave shake your cells. Today we know that talking with the phone glued to the skull for over ten years … Doubles the chances of developing a brain tumor!
Well, I’ve been well more than ten years. And work, I need to continue using it!
Well, the phone away from your head. A more distant, less radiate. It’s easy: use a Bluetooth hands-free mobile!
As I leave here. What other disturbances advised me to avoid?
Our homes are nests of electromagnetic and chemical pollution. Lets in sunlight and air, used wood furniture, use eco-friendly paints and banishes fresheners, fabric softeners, bleaches and synthetic detergents. If you wash clothes with baking soda will be well enough! And watch your cleaning products: sweet chemistry that are not toxic.
What will not do is live in the light of candles
No, but frees your leisure area of electromagnetic pollution. And when you get home, walk barefoot: During the day walk on insulating soles and work in isolated buildings sick, so we should download.
Give me one last invigorating
In a jar do germinate seeds and alfalfa sprouts eaten this: it is very digestive and concentrates nutrients and protect your tissues regenerate your health. The mobile, away
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New data on the collapse of Mayan civilization
Abandoned cities and gigantic monuments of the Maya, was what the Spanish conquistadors discovered along the Yucatan Peninsula, is one of the biggest mysteries in human history.
Why this great empire suddenly collapsed in 950, leaving his large urban centers to be consumed by the jungle?
New evidence suggests that the Maya may have created farms large enough to change the local climate of a catastrophically.
It has long been assumed that the Mayan civilization fell largely due to a drought in 200 years hit the region in 800 AD, but now I can seem to drought have been amplified by Maya agricultural practices.
In 800, the scientists estimate that the Yucatan had been largely stripped of forests to make way for farms to feed the urban population Maya.
Farmers burned native plants so they could plant corn and other foodstuffs.
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By the time Europeans arrived on the continent, however, the Mayan cities had long since been swallowed by the jungle again.
The Aztec empire was also an agricultural power, but had not deforested areas such as the Maya.
Ben Cook, a climatologist who works with groups of NASA and Columbia University, has just published an analysis of historical climate models that show how deforestation in the Yucatan Peninsula could have helped to give the lace with a terrible drought.
Through the analysis of climate simulations, Cook was able to determine that the rain fell by 20 percent in the period between 800 and 950.
It is likely that the loss of forests increased the albedo or reflectivity of the surface of the earth. With more light that bounces back into space, the area has less energy to produce rain.
In a sense, the Maya were victims of their super-advanced agricultural techniques. They were factory farmers what Westerners call the Middle Ages.
Just as people in cities and farms of today, the Maya were able to completely alter their environments and even change the weather.
Strange markings are found in Jerusalem
Mysterious stone carvings made thousands of years have been recently discovered in an excavation below Jerusalem have puzzled archaeologists.
It has uncovered a complex of rooms carved into the rock in the oldest part of town recently, in these rooms there are some brands: Three ways “V”cut-pasted one after another in the limestone floor of the rooms, these “V” are about 5 inches deep and a length of 50 centimeters.
No one knows who made them or what purpose they served.
The archaeologists in charge of the excavation know as little about it that have not been able even to apply a theory about its nature, said Eli Shukron, one of the two directors of the excavation.
“Brands are very strange, very intriguing. I’ve never seen anything like it,” said Shukron.
The forms were found in an excavation known as the City of David , a politically sensitive excavations conducted by archaeologists from the Israeli government and financed by a Jewish nationalist group in the Palestinian neighborhood of Silwan in East Jerusalem.
The rooms were excavated as part of the excavation of fortifications around the natural spring of the old city, the Gihon spring.
It’s possible, archaeologists excavating the marks were made for at least 2,800 years, could be accommodated forms some sort of wooden structure that was in them.
It seems that at least other brands of the same kind in the place. A map of a century ago a British expedition led by Montague Parker, who have sought the lost treasures of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem between 1909 and 1911, including the shape of a V “”, and an elaborate in an underground channel , not far from where they found these brands.
The purpose of the complex is part of the puzzle. The straight lines of its walls and level floors are evidence of careful engineering, and is located near the most important sites of the city, spring, suggesting he might have had an important role.
Program revives Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
Program Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence ( SETI ) has announced that he is back with the discovery of new habitable exoplanets by the telescope spatial Kepler from NASA , SETI wants to find out if any of them can be home to alien civilizations .
The money needed to restart the efforts of SETI has come, in part, Space Command Air Force United States who are interested â € <â € <in the use of instruments to detect Organization ” space situational awareness . ”
“This is an excellent opportunity for SETI observations,” said Jill Tarter, director of the Center for SETI Research, said in a statement yesterday. “For the first time, we can point our telescopes to the stars, and knowing that these stars really stay -. planetary systems including at least one that is almost a twin of Earth in the habitable zone around its parent star that is the kind of world that could be home to a civilization able to build radio transmitters. ”
The NASA has just announced the discovery of many exoplanets orbiting other stars, thanks to Kepler Space Telescope, including the world Kepler-22b , described as the twin of the Earth by the space agency , orbits a star like the Sun of type G 600 light years away from us on this planet could have liquid water on its surface and thus life.
Interestingly, the resurgence of SETI and the new mission to examine the planets discovered by Kepler, is partly funded by the U.S. military
Could it be that the Pentagon is concerned about whether there are potentially hostile alien civilizations on these planets ?
No, unfortunately for the conspiracy theorists. In Space Command are much more concerned about tracking satellites in orbit around the Earth, and believe that the innovative Allen array would be useful in the selection of transmissions in order to help the existing network of military space surveillance.
Is cancer hereditary?
Submitted by Gonzonet via Google Reader: Is cancer hereditary? via Pharmacy Blog of Pharmacy on 5/12/11
Is cancer hereditary?
One of the most frequent questions that lead people to see cancer is what is the level of risk that exists for their children or relatives of having a cancer . The question that questions the place of cancer among hereditary diseases is very important to plan strategies for prevention of diseases of this type (along with their treatments). First, it is necessary to clarify that when referring to cancer can not make general judgments and opinions.
It is estimated that only 10 percent of cases of cancer would be due to inherited genetic alterations that would cause this disease. Some cases of cancer that can be inherited more frequently are the cancer of breast and ovarian cancer (among women) and cancer of the colon and rectum (in men).
One of the characteristics that show the majority of cases of cancer and tumors is taking place predominantly from the 40 years of age (other types of cancer develop before non-hereditary). When a case of cancer it is necessary to conduct studies to analyze the risk to their offspring suffer in the future, a similar disease. To do this you can order different genetic studies may be helpful to start taking precautionary measures that serve to discourage the development of this disease.
By doing a study on the risks that a person will develop some type of disease is necessary to consider that the risk analysis only indicate a predisposition to develop a type of cancer (which is not the same as saying that a person will be affected by this health problem so accurate).
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What happens if you fall into the crater of a volcano?
Sink into a lake of lava is the horrible fate of many characters from the movies: After falling into a pit of lava, sinking rapidly, wiping out his life in molten rock more than 1,000 degrees Celsius.
Contemplating the death of a character like Gollum , which is immersed in a volcano in the book and movie ” The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King “, the geoscientist Erik Klemetti had a startling revelation. “Everyone is wrong about how people die by falling into the lava.”
Falling into the lava is like falling into a lake, Klemetti explained, a person who floats on the top instead of being submerged. “Molten lava is not like water. Of course, everyone thinks that molten rock (magma) will behave like any other liquid (eg water), but there are some key features physical simply tell us that is not the case. ”
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First, the lava is three times denser than water, and humans are made mostly of water.
The laws of physics, therefore, demand that is due to float on the surface, do not sink.
Second, the viscosity of the lava (resistance to flow) is between 100,000 and 1, 1 million times greater than that of water.
This means that a pool of lava is so fluid as a jar of peanut butter
For both reasons, “will be almost impossible to sink in that liquid,” he wrote Klemetti.
This does not mean you do not have a horrible end if you fall into a volcano. But it would fall on a bed of molten rock four times hotter than the grill in an oven.
STONE, SC artisan workshop
Workshop masonry and natural stone carving man has always been used as basic material rocks to build their homes, religious monuments and its artistic manifestations. Extracted from the ground and transformed by the hand of man, the stone remains a highly regarded material in new construction, essential in the restoration of ancient monuments and beautiful for the sculpture.
Jesus Andres Secanillas (Zaragoza 1948) and Teresa Pueyo Lobera (Zaragoza 1950) are two such artisans who once proliferated in many parts of Aragon and that over time have been lost. They decided to back the stone and, in 1992, opened in Jaca (Huesca) a workshop for carving stone and natural stone.
Since then they have performed hundreds of pieces, both by custom and design their own, always doing the job the traditional way with traditional tools and stone from the quarries of Fiscal Aragon, Uncastillo or Alastuey, among other places. With its good to get inputs on the ancient tradition of this beautiful work, as a testimony of our culture, but also innovation and functionality.
To contact the authors, and learn more about them:
NASA fluorescence mapping terrestrial vegetation
The maps produced from satellite data will reveal the condition of the plants on the planet, quickly and directly
Scientists at the Goddard Space Flight Center of NASA have developed, with satellite data, some innovative Earth maps that reflect the fluorescence emitted by terrestrial plants during photosynthesis. This information will in the future, for example, helping farmers to respond in time to extreme weather or facilitate humanitarian work teams with time detection of impending famine.
In the future, fluorescence measurements will help farmers to identify problems early in the crop.
Scientists at the Goddard Space Flight Center of NASA have developed, with satellite data, some innovative Earth maps that reflect the fluorescence emitted by terrestrial plants during photosynthesis .
This fluorescence, known as chlorophyll fluorescence, is a red glow and difficult to detect, which is emitted by the leaves. In previous maps had mapped the bloom of phytoplankton present in the oceans, but these new maps are the first dedicated to terrestrial vegetation and cover the entire globe, NASA said in a statement .
Direct and rapid vision
Until now, most of the information provided by satellites and on the health of terrestrial vegetation had been to indicators “green” based on the light reflected by the plants, rather than fluorescent lighting.
The previous method of recognizing the state of the vegetation of the planet has, however, a snag. The greenness of the vegetation decreases after drought, frost or other events that limit the photosynthesis of plants, and cause the green leaves change color and die. This reduction can be detected by satellite only with some delay: it takes days, even weeks, before the change becomes noticeable for the green satellites.
The fluorescence of chlorophyll, however, provides a more direct state of plants, from space. “With the chlorophyll fluorescence can be determined immediately if the plants are in situations of environmental stress, before the signs of dryness or yellowing of the leaves become visible,” said Elizabeth Middleton NASA biologist and member of the research team who created the maps.
Measurement in large territories
For decades, scientists have measured the fluorescence in plant leaves by exposing the laser beams, such as black light, make them more visible fluorescence. These experiments have revealed a lot about certain types of plant fluorescence. However, to date not been able to use the laser to measure the phenomenon in broad areas of the earth’s surface . To create the map of global fluorescence, Joanna Joiner , director of the team that created the maps, and his colleagues used a novel technique. The researchers focused their analysis on an extraordinarily dark section of the infrared solar spectrum, allowing to distinguish the weak fluorescence signal.
The maps generated from these observations, with data collected in 2009 from a spectrometer aboard the satellite located Japanese Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) , show, for example, differences in the fluorescence of the plants of our planet, according to seasons and locations.
In the future, the team expects Goddard Centre fluorescence measurements complement current measurements,
For example, in the northern hemisphere, the production of fluorescence was maximized during the month of July, while in the southern hemisphere it did in December.
These results agree with those previously obtained in other field experiments and laboratory had suggested that the fluorescence of chlorophyll was reduced in the autumn when the abundance of green foliage plant stress decreases and increases, as a result of lower temperatures and less favorable light conditions.
How plants are lit
The same mechanism that causes the fluorescent lighting plant also makes other bodies or things, such as jellyfish, blood or urine glows under the black night.
The difference between them and the plants is that plant fluorescence occurs in specific parts of the spectrum blue, green, red and far red. The fluorescence of the chlorophyll of green foliage, in particular, occurs at wavelengths of red and far red.
“In plants, the fluorescence is not something that can be easily seen, because the backlight cancels it,” says Joiner. When sunlight strikes a leaf, green structures, disk-shaped, called chloroplasts, absorbs the most light and convert it into carbohydrates through the process of measuring the fluorescence fotosíntesis.La could also lead to advances in scientific understanding of carbon cycle in ecosystems, which is one of the key areas of uncertainty in climate.
Also, the findings have implications both for current missions of the satellites, and for future missions. In the short term, the knowledge of the fluorescence signal could help scholars refine atmospheric measurements of carbon dioxide and methane from the GOSAT mission.
In the longer term, the possibility of developing digital fluorescence maps imply that the FLEX mission, European Space Agency (ESA) , or Orbitin-2 Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) from NASA, to make profitable in coming years fluorescence measurements on a global scale.
The maps, which have been published online in the journal Biogeosciences , represent only a first attempt to land fluorescence detection on a global scale. Your results will improve and will expand over time, researchers say. The first map of the fluorescence of terrestrial plants shows higher photosynthetic activity in the northern hemisphere in July, when temperature and light conditions are more favorable to plant growth, and Otherwise in December.
First guide to increase the number of organ donors.
(The accents were ignored by technical issues)
The elaborate a Spanish expert. Explains how to communicate the death and request permission.
Any increase in organ and tissue transplants for humans is due to an improvement in the health organization, “says Dr. Rafael Matesanz, the man who led Spain to become the number one country in the world ranking of transplants: 32 donors per million people. After sustained success, the specialist and his team did a survey and found hospitals which were the keys that lead to improvements, and created the first guide of good practices, which now share the rest of the world.
Matesanz was yesterday one of the exhibitors during the inauguration of the 11th Congress of the International Society of Procurement and Donation of organs, performed in Capital. In dialogue with Clarin, Matesanz said that the guide has been in use throughout Spain and in just one year made the transplants grew 8%.
“The guide is based on the experiences of 68% of hospitals that perform transplants in Spain. From the work better, make specific recommendations could be used to keep in mind during the process from the time which declares the death of a person until a transplant is completed at the receiver “he said.
One of the keys to success is having a good interview with the family of the potential donor. The guide gives advice on how to communicate the patient’s death, to help, and how to seek consent for the family to accept the donation. The main reason is that donating organs is a great opportunity to help others. 20 years ago in Spain, the refusal of the family occurred in 30% of cases. This year, as low as 16%. In Argentina, however, the negatives exceed 30% in some regions of the country.
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Matesanz advised that the interview with the family â € “which can be shattered by the loss of a queridoâ €” is done in a quiet place with privacy, and daylight. “It is also essential that the whole system is better equipped hospital” he said. “In fact, Argentina is an example of this concept, because since 2003 when it created the Federal organ procurement, everything started to improve,” he said. This program incorporates the figure of the hospital transplant coordinator at hospitals in greater complexity.
That change meant that Argentina went from 6, 5 donors per million inhabitants in 2003 to 14 donors per million in 2011. Thus, the country went on to head the ranking of organ transplants in Latin America.
Even with more organization and transplants, Matesanz recognizes challenges for the future: “Between 6 and 8% of patients who are on the waiting list die before being transplanted.”
Microscopes, possibly the biggest step of science to the knowledge of the universe
Today science has made significant progress in discovering the design and development of human life, all thanks to the microscope, which has allowed pave the way towards answering this question
Microscopes make their appearance in 1610 where it proved Galileo Galilei with the observation of anatomical figures of insects, but his big break when the public was given 55 years after Marcello Malpighi in 1665 which made the observation of the components of the bloodstream also the publication of the micrograph gave his grand entrance into the world of science.
Another breakthrough of the microscope is the first observation of the cell by Robert Hooke in 1665. A few years later the biologist Marcello Malpighi began his studies of cellular tissue with the inclusion of new lenses on your microscope.
The great leap of the microscope was in the eighteenth century when it included this s mechanical parts in order to ensure observation, since the use of low resistance grounds were more conventional, though it must be said that the improvement was only but not the area of optical stability.
The breakthrough of the optical microscope was in 1877 when Karl Ernest Abbe who practiced immersion lens decides to change the oil, water, improving the optical giving rise to 2000 times ..
At present the development of microscopes has been such that the number of types of these estates to very high numbers, so these are some of the most popular microscopes:
• Fluorescence microscope: this is responsible for issuing a specific light wavelength at which light reactions of molecules, thus facilitating viewing.
In the twentieth century the invention of the electron microscope by Max Knoll and Ernest Ruska in Germany in science opens new route to molecular research
• Ion Microscope: This microscope is responsible for the visualization of atoms using gases such as helium or neon, in order to facilitate analysis of individual atoms.
• Atomic Force Microscope: This especially can generate not only viewing but also three-dimensional surface molecules to study, this microscope has been of great help in developing the current nanotechnology as it also offers the ability to micro manipulation.
• Microscope antimatter: the use of gamma rays in the microscope to detect vacancies material presented by semiconductor elements, and provides an accurate picture of the location of the vacancy.
• Electron Microscope: This is probably the most widely used, since its main use is in medicine. The electron microscope is based on the use of electrons to generate accurate images of tiny objects, this microscope can achieve an increase in any image up to 500,000 times their size.
• Virtual Microscope: This microscope was specially designed for the observation of microorganisms in their natural environment, managing to convey the image virtually.
In conclusion, the microscopes are possibly the biggest step of science to the knowledge of the universe, not to mention the ever evolving science develops new ways to visualize the micro organisms that make up and surround us.
Anecdotes and mathematical curiosities
The invention of 0 is due to the Indians and came to the ninth century, although it was the Arabs who introduced it in Europe
And here a series of anecdotes mathematics over time.
Apparently, the first important mathematician who made use of the sign 0 was the Arab Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, in 810 AD, although it acquired its present meaning until the seventeenth century. In the Christian world, in 527, Pope John I commissioned Dionisio “The Meager”, a Scythian monk scholar, to calculate the date of the birth of Christ and to be taken as a reference for a new calendar based until then the founding of Rome. His calculations led him to conclude that the day of the Nativity took place on December 25 ab 753 city Condit (since the founding of Rome). The first century of the Christian era began in the year then I (in Europe are not I knew zero) and ended on 31 December of the year 100. The second century began on January 1 of the year 101, and so on. The twentieth century began on January 1, 1901 and ended on December 31, 2000 (not 1999 as many ads). The third millennium began on January 1, 2001.
The Earth takes 365’2422168 … days in its rotation around the sun, although it took 365 days which is the calendar year . To compensate for error in four years is 0’9688671 … days, Julius Caesar ordered that every four years, increase the length of the year in a day and thus came the leap year and the Julian calendar.
But not completely solved the problem because the error is 0’9688671 … days and 1 day. Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 decided to delete 3 days every 400 years, ceasing to be leap years ending in two zeros and the number of hundreds is not divisible by 4. To compensate for the errors until then, passed October 4, 1582 to 15 March. This new calendar called the Gregorian calendar .
The perfect or holy triangle of sides 3, 4 and 5 units, was used by the Egyptians to draw right angles. In his scrolls are observed string holders , which set the boundaries of the land after the Nile flood, building with ropes and setting triangles perpendicular directions. The architects of some Persian dynasties also used this knowledge to trace the roofs of their buildings.
Benford’s Law
In 1881 the mathematician and astronomer Simon Newcomb noticed that the first pages of logarithm tables were used significantly more than the end, from which he deduced that the digits of the numbers (at least those used in the work of those who had consulted tables) are not equally likely but the initial digit 1 appears as more frequent, followed by 2, and so on 9 which is the least frequent. Through a brief and witty reasoning, but not really present a formal argument or mathematical formula, Newcomb verbal statements or logarithmic law relationship: “the law of probability of occurrence of numbers is such that the mantissas of their logarithms are equally likely” in the likely that derived for the value of most significant digit first:
The first Latin edition of Euclid’s Elements book appeared in 1482 with the invention of printing
1 ® 0, 301, 2 ® 0, 176, 3 ® 0, 125, 4 ® 0, 097, 5 ® 0, 079, 6 ® 0, 067, 7 ® 0, 058, 8 ® 0, 051 and 9 ® 0.046
The most striking result is the dominance of the digit 1 with a probability of 30% while that of 9 does not reach 5%, very different values equiprobable value around 11% might be expected. It is much more likely that the first digit is odd (61%) than par (39%).
In 1938 and independently by the physicist Frank Benford observed the same phenomenon in the tables of logarithms and made an empirical test of a total of 20,229 numbers grouped in 20 samples of great diversity river areas, and constant physical and chemical variables, Math and even numbers and addresses of people taken from magazine covers. From the empirical results Benford ran a “law of anomalous numbers” for the probability that the first digit is n.
P (1 st digit is n) = log 10 (n +1) – log 10 n
Lehmus CL was first suggested in 1840 and Jacob the first to prove Steiner. If both internal bisectors of the two base angles of a triangle are equal, it seems clear that the triangle must be isosceles. No other elementary geometry problem is more insidious and disappointing. Its reciprocal, that the bisectors of the base angles of an isosceles triangle are exactly alike-has been known since the time of Euclid and is easy to prove. This one, however, is extraordinarily difficult. Archibald Henderson wrote an article about 40 pages in the Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society in December 1937, entitled “Essay on the problem of internal bisectors to end all trials on the issue of internal bisectors.” It notes that many of the demonstrations, some of them for famous mathematicians are wrong, then ten states shows valid, all long and complicated. It is a pleasant surprise to find in the book of Coxeter with a new show, so simple that only four lines are needed to point the idea that quickly follows the show.
The first map should be scientific with the Greek Dicaearchus (IV-III BC). Earth divided by drawing a horizontal line out of the Pillars of Hercules (Straits of Gibraltar), to Sicily, the Peloponnese and Asia Minor. He also drew a line perpendicular to the first current passing through Asswan (Egypt). Thus, any point on land or at sea is identified with two numbers: the distance to the horizontal and vertical. In the seventeenth century and based on this idea came the Analytical Geometry.